Modal Auxiliaries are a kind of Helping Verbs with a difference.
General Helping Verbs – is/am/are, was/were, has/have, was/were, do/does etc.
Note – Common Helping Verbs are used according to Person and Number.
For Example – Is, Am & Are are used in Present Tense.
Is – with Singular Subject such as He, she, it, Name & singular number.
Are – with Plural Subjects such as we, you, they etc.
Am – with I only.
Similarly was is used with Singular Subjects & were is used with Plural Subjects.
But Modals are used in different manner. They are used on the basis of MEANING or SENSE, and not on the basis of number or person.
– Main Modal Auxiliaries are –
– Has to; Have to & Had to.
– Can & Could
– May & Might
– Must & Should.
– Ought to & Used to.
– Would.
– Shall & Will.
– Need & Dare.
NOTE- V1 is used with modal Auxiliaries.
Example of usage of Modal Auxiliaries –
1. I can speak French.
2. We can speak French.
3. They can speak French.
4. She can speak French.
Note that Modals are used according to meaning or sense.
More such Examples –
1. He should work hard.
2. We should work hard.
3. The students should work hard.
4. I should work hard.
इन वाक्यों में should का प्रयोग advice के लिए किया गया है।
अलग अलग subjects के लिए should का प्रयोग किया गया है।
Usage of Modal Auxiliaries –
Usage of Has to & Have to –
सबसे पहले यह note कर लें कि Has to और Have to का प्रयोग क्रमशः singular Subjects (he, she, name, it) Soil plural subjects (I, we, you, they etc) के साथ किया जाता है।
Rule 1 – Has to और Have to का प्रयोग orders, instruction , schedule व strong advice के लिए किया जाता है।
Examples –
1. Raman, you have to get up at 5:00 am daily. (instruction)
2. He has to see the principal now. (order)
3. All have to occupy their seats by 4:00 pm. (Instruction) .
4. I have to go to market tomorrow. (schedule)
Rule 2 – Usage of Had to –
Had to का प्रयोग past tense में same meaning में किया जाता है।
Examples –
1. He was ill. He had to go to the doctor.
2. My car broke down on the way. I had to walk my office.
Exercise – Use has to, have to & had to –
1. Rohan ……….. drink milk daily.
2. They are punctual so they …….. wake up at 5:00 am everyday.
3. My father was ill. He …….. go to doctor.
4. Mukesh, you ……… leave at 2:00 pm today.
5. He ……… leave his house at six to catch the train yesterday.
—— ——- ——
Usage of Shall & Will –
Shall और Will का प्रयोग future tense के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Shall का प्रयोग first person (I और We) के साथ किया जाता है।
Will का प्रयोग second person (you) के साथ किया जाता है।
Examples –
1.I shall not visit you tomorrow.
2. Ram will attend the meeting next week.
3. The boys will take part in games being held next month.
4. We shall go on the school trip next Monday.
Next rule – 2
Real condition के लिए भी shall/ will का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Formation of Real Condition –
Simple future tense -if/unless – Simple present tense .
Example –
1. You will pass if you work hard.
2. If they leave early, they will catch the train.
Next Rule – 3
Promise- प्रतिज्ञा , determination -संकल्प , order/Command- आदेश, will -इच्छाशक्ति और threat अर्थात धमकी जैसे मनोभावों को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।
Note – इस rule में हम first Person (I और we) के साथ will और others (you, he, she, It, नाम & they) के साथ shall का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Example –
1. You shall not enter my room without permission. (Order)
2. We will reach our destination by the evening. (Determination)
3. Everybody shall stand up as soon as the chief guest enters. (Order/Instruction).
4. Samarth shall attend the seminar tomorrow. (Will)
Next Rule – Spoken Rule –
Shall का प्रयोग I/we के साथ Interrogative sentences में suggest करने के लिए किया जाता है।
1. Shall we join the school tour next month?
2. Shall I help you cross the road?
Next Rule –
Will का प्रयोग you के साथ Interrogative sentences में इच्छा जानने के लिए किया जाता है-
1. Will you take some tea?
2. Will you join Army?
Note – यह rule केवल spoken English के लिए है। आप इसकी practice अपने दोस्तों के साथ कर सकते हैं।
Usage of Can –
Can का अर्थ है – सकता है। इसका प्रयोग निम्न प्रकार से किया जाता है –
. Can का प्रयोग capacity /ability (क्षमता व अयोग्यता) को दर्शाने के लिए होता है।
1. I can do this sum easily. (Ability)
2. Can your friend speak English fluently? (Ability)
3. Surjeet can run ten miles in an hour. (Capacity)
4. Anyone can not think. (Mental ability?
Next Rule –
Cannot का प्रयोग prohibition (प्रतिबंध अथवा मनाही) के लिए किया जाता है। Note that cannot is a single word.
Example –
1. He cannot enter my room without my permission.
2. You cannot smoke in a bus.
Next Rule –
Can का प्रयोग ़informal sense में (friends & relatives) permission लेने के लिए होता है।
Example –
1. Can I borrow borrow your book?
2. Can I ask you to help me?
Next Rule –
Can का प्रयोग Informal sense में permission देने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
Example –
1. Amit, you can go now.
2. You can enter the hall as event has started.
Next Rule –
Real Condition में can का प्रयोग संभावना अर्थात possibility को दर्शाने के लिए किया जाता है।
Example –
1. You can win if you work hard.
2. If he leaves right now, he can catch the train.
——- ——- ——-
Usage of Could –
Could past tense है can का. इसका प्रयोग past tense में किया जाता है।
Rule 1-
Could का प्रयोग past tense में ability और Capacity को दर्शाने के लिए होता है।
Example –
1. He could swim when he was a child.
He can swim now.
2. When he was young, he could run very fast.
He is very young, he can run very fast.
Next Rule –
Could का प्रयोग past tense में conditional possibility के लिए किया जाता है।
Example –
1. Arunima could win if she worked hard.
2. If they left early, they could catch the train.
Next Rule –
Could का प्रयोग past tense में permission देने के लिए
होता है।
Example –
1. The doctor said that I could take rice.
2. The supervisor told me that I could go home.
NOTE – WE HAVE DISCUSSED HAS TO, HAVE TO, HAD TO, SHALL, WILL, CAN, COULD IN THIS CHAPTER.
अगले part में हम अन्य Modals को discuss करेंगे ।